M
MENTAL MATH
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Squares 10–40

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Squares
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RECALL MODE

Math Tricks & Techniques

Squares

Ending in 5
Formula: (n5)² = n(n+1) × 100 + 25
15²
n = 1, so multiply 1 × 2 = 2
Append 25: 2 → 225
15² = 225
65²
6 × 7 = 42, append 25
65² = 4225
Close to 50
Formula: (50±x)² = 2500 ± 100x + x²
48²
x = 2, so: 2500 - (100×2) + 4
= 2500 - 200 + 4 = 2304
48² = 2304
53²
x = 3, so: 2500 + 300 + 9
53² = 2809
Close to 100
Formula: (100±x)² = 10000 ± 200x + x²
97²
x = 3, so: 10000 - (200×3) + 9
= 10000 - 600 + 9 = 9409
97² = 9409
102²
x = 2, so: 10000 + 400 + 4
102² = 10404
Break into (a+b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
43²
Break as (40+3)²
= 1600 + (2×40×3) + 9
= 1600 + 240 + 9 = 1849
43² = 1849

Cubes

Ending in 5
Last digit is always 5. Find digit before 5, then use pattern.
15³
Last digit = 5
15 × (15+1) × 50 = 15 × 16 × 50 / 8 = 3375
15³ = 3375
Break Down: (a+b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³
12³
= (10+2)³
= 1000 + (3×100×2) + (3×10×4) + 8
= 1000 + 600 + 120 + 8 = 1728
12³ = 1728
Memorize Key Cubes
1³=1, 2³=8, 3³=27, 4³=64, 5³=125
6³=216, 7³=343, 8³=512, 9³=729, 10³=1000
These help you estimate and verify answers

Multiplication

Multiply by 11
Add the two digits and insert between them
23 × 11
2 + 3 = 5, insert: 2|5|3
23 × 11 = 253
47 × 11
4 + 7 = 11 (carry 1): 4+1|1|7
47 × 11 = 517
Close to Powers of 10
Use (a-x)(b-y) = ab - ay - bx + xy
98 × 97
(100-2)(100-3)
= 10000 - 300 - 200 + 6 = 9506
98 × 97 = 9506
103 × 107
(100+3)(100+7)
= 10000 + 700 + 300 + 21 = 11021
103 × 107 = 11021
Same Tens, Complementary Units (sum to 10)
42 × 48 = (4×5)|(2×8) = 20|16 → 2016
32 × 38
Tens: 3, units: 2+8=10
(3×4) = 12, (2×8) = 16 → 1216
32 × 38 = 1216
61 × 69
(6×7) = 42, (1×9) = 09 → 4209
61 × 69 = 4209
Vedic Method (Urdhva Tiryagbhyam)
Cross-multiply and cascade results
23 × 14
Left: (2×1)=2
Middle: (2×4)+(3×1)=11
Right: (3×4)=12
Combine: 2|11|12 with carries → 322
23 × 14 = 322
Multiply Numbers Ending in 5
(a5)(b5) = (a×b + ⌊(a+b)/2⌋)|25
25 × 35
(2×3) + ⌊(2+3)/2⌋ = 6 + 2 = 8
Append 75: 875
25 × 35 = 875
💡 Pro Tips for Exams:
  • Master squares 1-30 and all ending-in-5 patterns
  • Learn the 11× trick cold—it's the fastest
  • Use "close to 100" for 2-digit numbers
  • Break hard problems into (a±b)² or (a±b)³
  • Vedic method is powerful but takes practice
  • Start with easy tricks, layer in harder ones
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